For this assignment I will be analysing four different types
of factual programming and discussing the different techniques applied on them,
but also clarifying how it targets their audience. The news broadcast that I’m
analysing is an extract from “BBC News at Ten”, which covers different types of
stories. One of the factual programming that I’ll will be
evaluating is “Top Gear”, which was a TV series about cars and the other
factual programming that I will be also looking at is “Making a murderer” which
is a documentary about a man who had served 18 years in prison for the wrong
conviction. Finally, I will be analysing a famous documentary named “Plant
Earth: The Complete Collection”.
Studio News Reader – Firstly, a studio news reader, also known
as the presenter, often has the role of conducting detailed research and
emerging news stories of importance. The key elements of a studio news reader
is having great communication and interpersonal skills as it will allows them
to be clear to the audience. As in the BBC news extract, we can tell that the
presenter has a large understanding of the legal and ethical issues as she
presents the stories in a clear unbiased structure. One way that you can earn
trust from the audience as a studio news reader is by the visual codes, which
is the way you present yourself to the audience. For an example, if the
presenter come onto the news with tracksuits and unprofessional clothing it is
more likely that the audience won’t believe in stories. In the BBC News at Ten
the studio news reader is dressed in a professional matter which allows her
audience to have trust in her and her news. One of the code and conventions in
news broadcast is having the presenter placed in the centre of the frame, which
allows the audience to fully focus their attention on them and not on the background.
Field Reporters & Links to studio – A field
reporter is known as a side-line reporter, which basically someone reporting additional
coverage outside of the studio as an example an interview that is based on the
main stories that is discussed in the studio. This could be collected by
expert’s opinion, witnesses or even member of the public (Vox pops). For an example, in the BBC news the first
story was about religion and how it involved in secondary school student’s life
and the field reporter went on location to recorded teachers and students views
on it. This is one way to keep the audience in engaged, but also to see
different opinions. These clips are often pre-recorded, but sometime depending
on the events it could be live stream to the audience. For an example, in this new broadcast there is
a live stream element to it. Links to studio is where a TV news programme would
links with another studio which is often connection by a live stream to debate
or discuss the events together. For an example, BBC time and again connect with
American news channels discussing worldwide issues. The extract that I’m
analysing does link to studio as they connect to another presenter in Rio de Janeiro.
This is an important code and convention that most news channels use as it
addresses significant issues around the world, which also allows the audience
see different expert opinions.
Mode of address to viewer- Modes of address to viewer is properly
the most important element to the programme, which is how the news is delivered
to the audience. The body language, facial expression and language of the
presenter played a part in this. For an example, the body language of the
studio news reader on BBC news at Ten is formal and professional which is
expected from BBC where MTV news or even E! News has a more causal and informal
approach. Normally the presenter will introduce themselves, which will allows
to connect directly to the audience that allows to make them feel engaged. The
code and convention of the facial expression will be normal and maintaining eye
contact with the audience, which she does.
Interviews, Experts & Witnesses – Interviewing is when
someone is being asked a range of questions that is relevant to a certain
topic, which allows to understand the events more clear or simply seeing a
different side to the story. The questions can be open or closed depending on
the issues, as an example one of the question asked in the extract were “What
is your view on the having a religious
school?”. This is an open question allowing the people to express their
opinion without any influence from the presenter. As far I know anyone can be
interviewed as long as it is something that a lot of people would have interest
in it. The reason why this is done is, because it proposals a more informative,
casual approach to the news and allows it to be more personal to the audience. Witnesses
is important for the news, but can be see bias as they only share their opinion
about the story so an Expert will allows to balance the
story so it doesn’t seen as bias. They are often seen in certain case like
murder or abuse has been taken in place. In the extract that I’m analysing
experts and witnesses isn’t seen, but it is often used.
Report Structure & Actuality Footage – Reporting
Structure is a great way to not waste the audience time especially they are
waiting to hear about certain topic. It is all about the structure of the news
and the importance. As in the extract, BBC news always presents the importance
news first and leaving least popular to the end to be reported. I think is a
good way of keeping the audience engaged as they will see the main intense news
at the start, which will allow them to carry on watching. Actuality footage is the footage that you will see as an audience
on every single news. It is a footage that relates to the topic that the studio
news reader is discussing about. For an example, when the presenter in BBC news
is talking about the rapes in Africa there are clips of victims. I believe this
allows the audience to a vision of the story and to give them a better
understanding of the story and the impact of it.
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